In order to identify the correlations and relationships between different TRAITS in the bread wheat, 30 genotypes were investigated as sub-factors under the split plot experiment in the completely randomized design in greenhouse and the randomized complete block design in the field with three replications under the normal irrigation and post-anthesis water stress conditions. The results of the canonical correlation analysis showed that at both normal and moisture stress levels, there was a significant correlation between the pair of canonical variables obtained from the phenological TRAITS and the yield components. Under the normal conditions in the greenhouse, to increase the spike density and length, the number of days to 50% flowering can be considered as a suitable selection criterion. According to the results of canonical correlation analysis, under the stressed conditions in greenhouse, to increase the spike length, the number of days to the heading, maturity and 50% of flowering were among the important and effective factors. Under the optimum irrigation conditions in the field, the number of days to maturity was considered as one of the factors influencing the seed weight per spike. The results of canonical correlation analysis under the field stress conditions showed that to increase the 1000-seed weight, the number of days to maturity can be considered an appropriate selection criterion.

Today identification of the economical TRAITS manner of inheritance and level of being affected by environment is one of the problems of the improvers of the plants. For doing so, a test of dispersed generation’s results was conducted for obtaining further evidences of cultivar or special plants improvement behavior. Because of insufficient seeds, conduction of duplication experiment with experiment design was impossible. So, experiment design was not employed and experiment plot was considered is uniform. In this relation, in order to study the manner of heritance of morphologic and phonologic TRAITS, effective on yield and their relationship with yield of line FM36, a research was conducted in cultivating year of 2009 (middle of March) in the field of Kashan research, laboratory and biotechnology institute as a random and uniform design. Morphologic diversity in two parents F2 wheat generation with contrary morphologic TRAITS, the manner of the inheritance of some TRAITS was studied and evaluation of genetics variance and the general inheritance capacity of experimental TRAITS in the field and laboratory were conducted. The results showed that hair like glum and spring cultivar TRAITS are controlled with recessive gene by independent inheritance. But ear density is controlled by more than one gene. Estimation of the general inheritance of the quantitative TRAITS showed that TRAITS like the height of the bush, the length of the ears, straw yield in the bush, the yield of the grain in the bush, number of the claws, dry matter produced in the bush and harvest index had the highest general inheritance capacity and number of the spikelet in the ears, number of days till appearance of the ears, number of days till physiologic growth had average general inheritance capacity and ear density had low inheritance capacity.

Chamomile is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world trade with many applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and sanitary industrials. In order to evaluate the genetic diversity of 26 landraces, collected from different regions of Iran, based on morphological and phenological characters, the experiment were conducted in augmented design with 6 controls and 3 replications. Results showed that characters of the economical yield, harvest index, fresh weight of 50 flowers and dry weight of 50 flowers had maximum phenotypic variation coefficients, respectively. The phenological TRAITS had the lowest of variation coefficients. The genetic masses based on cluster analysis, were settled in five groups with different agronomic TRAITS. Results also indicated that the masses intra-groups were different and the genetic diversity was not according to the geographical diversity. Analysis variance analysis for groups of cluster analysis showed that the differences among different groups for all of TRAITS are significant.Factor analysis with principle component method using 14 characters three correlated factors were recognized justifying 82.37% of the total variation.The first, second and third were related to flowers yield, phenological TRAITS and biological yield, respectively. According to the results, in order to increase the yield of dry flowers per plant, the TRAITS such as economic yield, dry weight of 50 flowers, fresh weight of 50 flowers, harvest index and number of flowers per plant should be used as selection criteria.

Background and Objectives: Triticale is a crop species resulting from a plant breeder's cross between wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale). Plant breeders originally wanted to include the combination of grain quality, productivity, and disease resistance of wheat with the vigor and hardness of rye. Triticale is mainly introduced as a crop which is more adapted under low-potential condition than the wheat and other small cereals. Triticale could be used as a feed grain. As a feed grain, triticale is already well established and of high economic importance. The aim of a triticale breeding program is mainly focused on the improvement of quantitative TRAITS, such as grain yield, nutritional quality and plant height, as well as TRAITS which are more difficult to improve, such as earlier maturity and improved test weight. In order to study the relationship between grain yield and its related TRAITS and to select high yielding lines of triticale, this research was carried-out in a low-potential condition.Material and Methods: This research was conducted in Ahvaz Agricultural Research station during 2013-2014 cropping season, with 36 lines, using a-lattice design with two replications. Fertilizers were used based on soil test results. Each line was planted in six 6-meter rows with 0.2 meter spacing in Nov.8 and irrigation was done immediately. Days from germination to heading, physiological maturity and ripening stages, and grain yield and its components were determined. Genetic variation coefficient was calculated based on GC={[(Vg-Ve)/r]/M}×100, equation in which GC, Vg, Ve, r and M are genetic variation coefficient, phenotype variance, variance of error, replication and mean trait, respectively. Data were analyzed using MSTATC software.Results: Results indicated that genotypes were significantly different for all TRAITS. Ranges of days from germination to ear emergence and physiological maturity were 89-103 and 129-141 respectively. The highest grain yield (4790 Kg.ha-1) and grain crop growth rate (14.1 g.m-2.day-1) was belonged to line No.29. The highest genetic variation coefficients were obtained from days from germination to ear emergence (43.6%) and biological yield (36.4%). Range of mean grain yield was 1898-4652 Kg/ha and lines No, : 5, 8, 15, 17, 20, 22, 23, 26 and 29 with grain yields 4494, 3748, 3820, 3777, 3757, 3717, 4007, 3780 and 4651 Kg.ha-1 respectively, were selected for advanced trails.Discussions: Regarding high similarity among grain yields with both grain growth rate (95%) and biological yield (86%) in cluster analysis and high genetic variation of the mentioned TRAITS, the lines with both high biological yielding and grain growth rate were evaluated as the optimum genetic sources for breeding programs of triticale. Lines with both TRAITS have capability to accumulate high amount of dry matter and to allocate a large proportion of this dry matter to grains.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of water stress on growth indices and phenological TRAITS of Thymus kotschyanus during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons. A field experiment was carried out with three irrigation regims (T20, T50 and T80 representing irrigation after 20, 50 and 80% soil water depletion, respectively) using a randomized complete block design with four replications at Experimental Station of Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center. Dry matter (DM), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and growth degree day (GDD) for each PHONOLOGICAL step were decreased under water stress. DM in second year (152 gr m-2) was more than 2 times of the first year (67 gr m-2). The highest rate of CGR, LAI and DM were obtained at early blooming, 50 and 100% flowering stage, respectively. Phenological stages provoked 100-150 GDD under water stresses. DM was decreased 60% over increasing water stress from T20 to T80. The results suggested that for the highest yield production, 20% soil water depletion is recommended and harvesting should be done at fully flowering stage and prevention of water stress in early blooming stage is also recommended.

The aim of this study was the investigation of PHONOLOGICAL relationship with some yield and yields component TRAITS at different management systems in two soybean cultivars namely Gorgan 3 and Katul in Gorgan region. Therefore, 16 and 18 fields of Gorgan 3 and Katul were selected, respectively. Consequently, in each field the PHONOLOGICAL and yield related parameters were evaluated. Generally, regression relationship showed that in each cultivar, the regression relationship of PHONOLOGICAL stages with number of pod per plant, number of grain per meter square, shoot dry mater and grain yield was significant. However, the regression relationship between the number of days from sowing to physiological maturing with shoot dry matter in Gorgan 3 (R2= %70**) and Katul (R2= %62**) was positively significant. Moreover, the regression relationship between days from sowing to flower initialization and days from sowing to physiological maturing with grain yield was significant in each cultivar. However, this relation in Gorgan 3 was the second best linear regression (R2= %71** and R2= %80**, respectively) and in Katul was a simple linear one (R2= 69** and R2= %51*, respectively). Also, the regression relationship between shoot dry matter and grain yield in each cultivar was logarithmic and significant (P>0.01). This logarithmic relationship demonstrated 53 and 67 percent of variation in Gorgan 3 and Katul cultivars, respectively. The results of this experiment shows that by understanding the PHONOLOGICAL and agronomical trait relationships in soybean growth cycle under field condition and by time scaling the growth stages, we can increase the yield.

Objective: The relationship between PHONOLOGICAL awareness and PHONOLOGICAL disorders has been considered in recent decades. PHONOLOGICAL awareness deficits in children with PHONOLOGICAL disorders could be due to a deficit in PHONOLOGICAL abilities. The present study attempts to study the PHONOLOGICAL awareness deficits in children with PHONOLOGICAL disorders.Materials & Methods: This was a comparative and crosssectional study. The research sample consisted of 25 children with PHONOLOGICAL disorders and 25 normal children. Children with PHONOLOGICAL disorders were selected by convenience sampling method and normal children were selected by matching with the disordered group. The research instruments consisted of the “phonetic information test” to determine the PHONOLOGICAL disorders and the “PHONOLOGICAL awareness test” to assess PHONOLOGICAL awareness. The awareness of syllable blending and syllabification, rhyme and alliteration was also studied. The data were analyzed using SPSS-13, based on paired t-test, independent T-test and Chi-square.Results: The mean score of PHONOLOGICAL awareness in children with PHONOLOGICAL disorders was significantly lower than normal children (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of awareness of syllabification (P=0.073) and syllable blending (P=0.189). But there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of awareness of rhyme (P<0.001) and alliteration (P<0.001).Conclusion: The findings showed that children with PHONOLOGICAL disorders are at a lower level than normal children in terms of PHONOLOGICAL awareness. According to the results of this study, it can be recommended that the speech-language pathologists should consider PHONOLOGICAL awareness when treating children with PHONOLOGICAL disorders.

Snapdragon flower is one of the beautiful ornamental plants that are also cultivated for medicinal purposes. The use of chemical fertilizers and their negative effects on human health have led to the advancement of the use of biological and organic fertilizers in agricultural products. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the application of fertilizers and mycorrhizal TRAITS of two varieties of snapdragon flower in 2021–2022 in the greenhouse of Agriculture Research at the Research Institute of Zabol. The experiment was conducted in a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The investigated factors included the varieties (yellow and red flowers) and fertilizer treatment (Glomus intraradices, Glomus mossaea, supermycoplus and control). The results of this study showed the effect of variety was significant on all PHONOLOGICAL TRAITS, except in the time of four-leaf formation. Fertilizer treatment also had a significant effect on all phenology TRAITS, while the interaction of variety and fertilizer treatment was significant only on two phenology TRAITS: time of first leaf formation and four-leaf formation time. The red variety led to the occurrence of PHONOLOGICAL TRAITS earlier than the yellow one, in most of the PHONOLOGICAL TRAITS. The results showed that the yellow variety was superior to the red variety in all the physiological TRAITS except for the phenol of the leaf and the flavonoid of the flower. Supermycoplus was better than the control and the mycorrhizal fungi, in the TRAITS of: The phenolic, flavonoid and DPPH of the leaves and the flavonoid of the root, among the fertilizer treatments. In general, the use of biofertilizers and mycorrhizal fungi is recommended due to their positive effects on the physiological TRAITS of snapdragon flowers.

Tall fescue is a high yielding perennial grass with wide adaptability to the adverse environmental conditions.This study was carried out to measure dry forage yield, chemical compositions and metabolizable energy (ME) of six tall fescue genotypes at two PHONOLOGICAL stages. The selected genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of the Northwest Region in Tabriz in 2017. Based on the results of analysis of variance, the tested genotypes showed significant differences for all measured TRAITS (P˂0.01). Dry forage yield was high in the genotypes Boroujen1 and Kamyaran2 with 325 and 270 g/plant respectively and low in the genotype Kamyaran3. The amount of crude protein, ME and acid detergent fibers (ADF) in the genotypes Boroujen1 and Borjen2 were better than the genotypes Fariman, Kamyaran1, Kamyaran2 and Kamyaran3 (P˂0.05), whereas the genotype Kamyaran3 had the lowest crude protein and ME and the highest ADF. Interaction of genotype ´ PHONOLOGICAL stage was significant for all TRAITS. At the heading stage, dry forage yield of the genotypes Boroujen1 and Kamyaran2 were the highest with 536 and 442 g/plant respectively and in the genotypes Fariman and Kamyaran3 were the lowest (P˂ 0.05). Based on the results of dry forage yield, the amount of crude protein, ADF and ME, the best genotypes were Boroujen1 and Kamyaran2.

In order to study effect of there plant densities on PHONOLOGICAL TRAITS of 5 exotic sweet and super sweet corn varieties, this experiment was carried out in a factorial design based on RCBD with 3 replications. Experiment was done at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute at Karaj during 2008. Results showed that, effect of various plant densities have non-significant on days to tassel formation, pollination and ASI, but the studied densities showed some effect on days to silk development, with respect to the experiment results, the increase of plant density from 75000 to 95000 plant/ha, caused the days to silk development to increase too, and varieties which needed more days to silk development, were also late maturing varieties. There was significant difference between the studied values regarding the days to tassel formation, the days to pollination, and the days to silk development which was absent with respect to ASI. The Obsession variety showed the highest number of days to tassel formation, pollention and silk which indicates its late maturing in comparison to other studied varieties.